Life strategy traits of the liana Sericostachys scandens spreading in the montane forests in the Kahuzi-Biega national park (DR Congo)     

Masumbuko Ndabaga Céphas  Herpigny Basile  Barbier Nicolas  Habiyaremye Muhashy Franois  Lejoly Jean  Meerts Pierre 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):665-675

Sericostachys scandens is a monocarpic and heliophilous liana, native in tropical African forests. In the montane forests of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP) (East of DR Congo), it has been expanding very strongly for a decade, and is currently considered as having negative impacts on biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we test if S. scandens differs from three co-occurring, native, non spreading lianas (Gouania longispicata, Tacazzea apiculata and Adenia bequaertii) for functional traits which might influence plant expansion. For leaf traits (SLA, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration), S. scandens did not show extreme values compared to those of the three other lianas. In contrast, S. scandens had much higher biomass allocation to sexual reproduction. It also differs from the three other lianas for its reproductive strategy that combines both vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, and propagule dispersal by wind. Moreover, S. scandens has larger leaves and a greater number of lateral branches per unit stem length. It is argued that the particular combination of functional traits exhibited by S.scandens may in part explain its propensity to behave as an opportunistic weed in the disturbed areas in the montane forests of Kahuzi-Biega.  相似文献   

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)生长性状相关分子标记的 AFLP 分析     

孙长森  王腾达  董迎辉  姚韩韩  林志华 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(1):106-112

采用AFLP技术和单因素方差分析方法,进行了青蛤主要生长性状相关分子标记筛选研究。结果表明,检测的18个与壳长相关的基因位点,其贡献率在6.46%—18.32%之间,其中E32M51-8、E33M51-38对壳长的贡献率较高,分别为18.32%和15.68%。检测的23个与壳宽相关的基因位点,其贡献率在6.75%—20.93%之间,其中E32M51-8、E33M48-19对壳宽的贡献率较高,分别为20.93%和17.34%。检测的22个与壳高相关的基因位点,其贡献率在6.54%—15.91%之间,其中E32M51-17对壳高的贡献率最高,为15.91%。检测的8个与活体重相关的基因位点,其贡献率在6.65%—17.83%之间,其中E33M48-10对活体重的贡献率最高,为17.83%。以上结果说明青蛤生长性状的遗传基础复杂,通过筛选与其相关显著的分子标记,在育种中开展分子标记选择是可行的。  相似文献   

刺网选择性对鱼类表型性状的选择作用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁振林  闫伟  孙鹏  黄六一  唐衍力 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(2):329-334

本研究从刺网选择性对鱼类表型性状的影响入手,应用数值模拟方法,模拟了一个具有一定体长特征的鱼类种群,利用具有多项选择参数(曲线标准差σ,最适体长l0,选择性因素R0)的刺网曲线对其进行长期捕捞作用,并在去除捕捞的情况下探讨这种影响的稳定性。结果表明,刺网捕捞作业长期作用于鱼类种群,会对种群体长组成产生深远的影响,开发率(E)越大,效果越明显。当刺网最适捕捞体长与初始种群优势体长重合时(l0=15),造成种群体长分布峰值的分化;如果l0>15,则导致种群体长组成向小型化方向偏移;反之则会造成种群体长组成向大型化方向偏移;而且这种影响可能伴随遗传因素,具有不可逆性。  相似文献   

三种壳口颜色脉红螺（Rapanavenosa）形态学和线粒体16SrRNA与COI基因片段差异比较分析     

班绍君  薛东秀  张涛  潘洋  王海艳 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(6)

脉红螺壳口通常有3种颜色：“黑白条纹螺”、“中间螺”和“橙色螺”。本论文对3种壳口颜色的脉红螺分别进行了形态学和mt16SrRNA、COI基因片段序列比较分析。形态学分析结果表明,除厣宽／壳高、厣高／壳高、厣高／体螺层、厣高／壳口长、厣高／壳口宽、厣高／厣宽的形态学特征指数和出肉率不具有显著性差异外,其它形态特征和生物学相关变量具有显著差异,且对湿重的影响效果不同。“黑白条纹螺”壳口长和壳口宽对湿重影响最大,而“中间螺”和“橙色螺”各形态特征对湿重均无显著的直接影响。根据各形态特征均值建立的居群形态聚类图显示,“中间螺”和“橙色螺”形态差异较小,二者与“黑白条纹螺”的形态差异较大。然而基于mt16SrRNA和COI基因片段序列分析结果显示,三种壳口颜色的脉红螺无遗传分化,为同一种。  相似文献   

不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤因子与叶功能性状关系研究     

王飞  郭树江  纪永福  张莹花  韩福贵  张裕年  张卫星  宋达成 《干旱区地理》2022,45(1):176-184

植物功能性状与环境之间的关系是功能性状研究的重点,环境因子驱使植物功能性状发生变化,进而推动群落发生演替.本研究以民勤不同演替阶段(发育阶段、稳定阶段、衰退阶段、严重衰退阶段)白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆为研究对象,分析不同演替阶段白刺叶功能性状差异及其与土壤因子的关系,旨在揭示白刺对干旱荒漠...  相似文献   

Topographic thresholds for plant colonization on semi‐arid eroded slopes     

E. Bochet  P. García‐Fayos  J. Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(13):1758-1771

Soil erosion plays an important role in plant colonization of semi‐arid degraded areas. In this study, we aimed at deepening our knowledge of the mechanisms that control plant colonization on semi‐arid eroded slopes in east Spain by (i) determining topographic thresholds for plant colonization, (ii) identifying the soil properties limiting plant establishment and (iii) assessing whether colonizing species have specific plant traits to cope with these limitations. Slope angle and aspect were surrogates of erosion rate and water availability, respectively. Since soil erosion and water availability can limit plant establishment and both can interact in the landscape, we analysed variations in colonization success (vegetation cover and species number) with slope angle on 156 slopes, as a function of slope aspect. After determining slope angle thresholds for plant colonization, soil was sampled near the threshold values for soil analysis [nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), water holding capacity]. Plant traits expressing the plant colonizing capacity were analysed both in the pool of species colonizing the steep slopes just below the threshold and in the pool of species inhabiting gentler slopes and absent from the slopes just below the threshold. Results show that the slope angle threshold for plant colonization decreased from north to south. For the vegetation cover, threshold values were 63°, 50°, 46°, 41° for the north, east, west and south slope aspect classes, respectively, and 65°, 53°, 49° and 45° for the species richness and the same aspect classes. No differences existed in soil properties at slope angle threshold values among slope aspects and between slope positions (just below and above the threshold) within slope aspect classes. This suggests that variations between slope aspect classes in the slope angle threshold result from differences in the colonizing capacity of plants which is controlled by water availability. Long‐distance dispersal and mucilage production were preferably associated with the pool of colonizing species. These results are discussed in the perspective of a more efficient ecological restoration of degraded semi‐arid ecosystems where soil erosion acts as an ecological filter for plant establishment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Multi-spectral decomposition of functional autoregressive models   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

R. Salmerón  M. D. Ruiz-Medina 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):289-297

Functional data models provides a suitable framework for the statistical analysis of several environmental phenomena involving continuous time evolution and/or spatial variation. The functional autoregressive model of order p,  p ≥ 1, (FAR(p)) extends to the infinite-dimensional space context the classical autoregressive model AR(p) (see, for example, Mourid T (1993) Processus autorégressiifs d’ordre supérieur. Acad Sci t.317(Sér. I):1167–1172). In this paper, we derive a multidimensional diagonalization of the functional parameters (operators) involved in the FAR(p), p > 1, formulation. The functional state equation is then transformed into a discrete system of scalar state equations. The decomposition obtained is optimal regarding information on spatiotemporal interaction affecting the evolution of the spatial behavior of the process of interest. For functional prediction and filtering, we implement the Kalman filter equations from the diagonal version derived for FAR(p) models. This work has been supported in part by projects MTM2005-08597 of the DGI, MEC, and P05-FQM-00990, P06-FQM-02271 of the Andalousian CICE, Spain.  相似文献   

功能型国际金融中心的成长与运行研究——兼论上海建设国际金融中心的问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓智团  宁越敏 《世界地理研究》2009,18(3):1-8

在世界经济高速运行稳定发展过程中,功能型国际金融中心起着至关重要的枢纽作用。本文以伦敦为例．对功能型国际金融中心的成长与运行进行了深入研究。得出如下结论：有实力强大的经济体作为运行基础;产业高端化,产业结构高度服务化,金融与商业服务业高等发达,产业空间布局集群化;高效的管理,行政管理具高度独立性,特殊高效的管理结构。最后,引出对上海建设国际金融中心的关注,并得出启示。  相似文献   

脉冲荷载作用下地下结构动力特性及钢板抗层裂性能数值模拟     

钱岳红  唐德高  宋志文  姜鹏飞  曲霞 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):778-782

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对脉冲荷载作用下结构底面有无固定钢板时混凝土结构的动力特性及钢板的抗层裂性能进行了数值分析,对比分析了两种情况下混凝土结构的应力-时程特征,研究了边界效应对混凝土-钢板结构抗层裂性能的影响。分析表明,底面固定钢板能够有效地减小相邻混凝土的最大拉应力,提高其抗层裂性能;边界效应对混凝土层裂现象并无影响。此研究成果可为相关工程的设计、施工提供参考。  相似文献   

古基因组学在古代家马研究中的应用     

文少卿  俞雪儿  田亚岐  胡松梅  李悦  孙畅 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):307-320

古DNA是人类学、分子进化和群体遗传学的一个重要的工具.在过去的十年,我们见证了古DNA研究的一场革命.古DNA研究的焦点在很长时间内被限制在了线粒体DNA和有限个核基因组标记,但现在已经能够获得非常古老的全基因组数据.这一突破主要是缘于高通量测序平台以及获取高度降解DNA分子的能力,并发展出了古基因组学这一新领域.本文回顾了马的古基因组研究的发展历程,以及在揭示家马的遗传谱系和基于基因型-表型关联分析预测马的性状两方面的最新进展.我们依据马的基因组研究的新成果,优化三款基于高通量测序的检测panel,分析古代家马的谱系、性别、毛色、运动能力、步态、体型/肩高、高原适应等相关方面.结果显示,遗传谱系和表型特征为探讨中国古代家马的起源和用途,特别是祭祀用马的来源和挑选标准有重要意义.该研究有助于进一步认识中国家马的演化与传播及其与古代社会政治、经济、文化、思想的关系.  相似文献